一、概述

城市軌道(dao)交通作為最為便捷、安(an)全、綠(lv)色的(de)交通出行方式，近年來(lai)得到了快速發展，現代化新技術不斷應用到軌道(dao)交通系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)來(lai)，設(she)備(bei)的(de)精(jing)密度(du)、復雜度(du)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)性能不斷提高，設(she)備(bei)器件的(de)功耗和工(gong)作電壓越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)低(di)，抗干擾能力降低(di)，安(an)全性越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)脆(cui)弱，極易雷(lei)電流的(de)侵入，損害設(she)備(bei)，從(cong)而影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)穩定運(yun)行，造成難(nan)以估(gu)量的(de)損失。特別是(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)各站點與控制中(zhong)心之間相互連接的(de)各類(lei)通訊(xun)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)大量使用，極易遭受雷(lei)電電磁脈沖的(de)侵入。所以城市軌道(dao)交通系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)要建立綜(zong)合防(fang)雷(lei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，全面系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)護，才(cai)成減少雷(lei)擊安(an)全隱(yin)患。

    二、具體防雷方(fang)案(an)

城市軌道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)防雷(lei)系(xi)統主要包括(kuo)直(zhi)擊雷(lei)、接地網(wang)、等電(dian)位和(he)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)保護系(xi)統四個部分。

（一）直(zhi)擊(ji)雷及接地系統

城(cheng)市軌道交通各站點出入(ru)口采用(yong)金(jin)(jin)屬框架結構，可利用(yong)金(jin)(jin)屬屋面作為(wei)接閃器，鋼結構立(li)柱(zhu)作為(wei)防(fang)雷引(yin)下線，與建筑物(wu)基礎鋼筋(jin)機構連連，形(xing)成(cheng)地(di)網，建立(li)了獨(du)立(li)的外部(bu)防(fang)雷系統(tong)。為(wei)防(fang)止(zhi)雷電(dian)流入(ru)侵，地(di)上(shang)、地(di)下接地(di)網嚴格絕緣開，不進行(xing)電(dian)氣連接。

（二）等電位連接(jie)

地(di)(di)(di)下接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)網分別設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)了強電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)、弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)、設(she)(she)(she)備基地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)。強弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之間的(de)(de)母(mu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)距(ju)(ju)離不得小于20米，強弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)干線之間的(de)(de)距(ju)(ju)離不應小于2米。其中設(she)(she)(she)備接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)為(wei)各金屬構件、機(ji)柜(ju)等(deng)(deng)提供(gong)了完善的(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)保護。在車站各系統機(ji)房(fang)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)局部等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)連接(jie)子(zi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)，重要設(she)(she)(she)備要格局需要設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)匯流排(pai)(pai)(pai)或環形母(mu)線，供(gong)設(she)(she)(she)備、浪涌保護器、防靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)等(deng)(deng)連接(jie)，降(jiang)低設(she)(she)(she)備之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)，避(bi)免雷擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁脈沖對設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)損壞。

    （四）過電壓(ya)保護

城市軌道(dao)交通(tong)線(xian)路一般采(cai)用(yong)的(de)是集中(zhong)式供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一條線(xian)路上會設(she)置(zhi)幾個(ge)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，每(mei)個(ge)車站設(she)置(zhi)降壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所，對交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)降壓(ya)，供車站及區間動(dong)力照明使(shi)用(yong)。全線(xian)設(she)置(zhi)一套或幾套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力監控系(xi)統，所有變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所采(cai)用(yong)自動(dong)化系(xi)統，設(she)置(zhi)微(wei)型(xing)監控設(she)備，實現對全線(xian)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備監控。因此，過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)要(yao)考(kao)慮到(dao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)可(ke)能遭受過(guo)雷擊過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)各個(ge)環節。

1.降壓變電所過電壓保(bao)護(hu)

暴露于地面的變電所房屋，按(an)照(zhao)建筑物防雷(lei)規范，應做(zuo)直擊雷(lei)防護(hu)，安(an)裝(zhuang)小(xiao)型避(bi)雷(lei)針，并(bing)作引下線(xian)接地。變電所母線(xian)對地控(kong)之間安(an)裝(zhuang)一級(ji)電源浪涌保護(hu)器KSP-25KA/350/4P/M（350波形產品）。

2.重(zhong)要(yao)設備供電末(mo)端安裝二級電源浪涌保護器，選型為KSP-80KA/4P/M。

3．在(zai)各信息計方(fang)配(pei)電(dian)電(dian)源箱處安裝三級電(dian)源浪(lang)涌保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)，選型為KSP-40KA/4P/M。

4、對(dui)于(yu)在(zai)設備前端電(dian)源(yuan)處安裝末級電(dian)源(yuan)防雷插排，選型為KS-CP-01A-10/M。

5、所(suo)有網絡信號前后端均安裝千兆網絡避雷器(qi)KS-RJ45-2E/1000/M .

6、監(jian)控視頻(pin)端安裝網絡監(jian)控三合一避雷器KS-2E/24/M。

三、結(jie)束語

城(cheng)市軌道交通(tong)的防雷系統是個(ge)綜(zong)合防護系統，要全面考慮(lv)、長期治理(li)、定期排查，才(cai)能有效降低交通(tong)線路的防雷隱(yin)患(huan)。