電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統使(shi)高(gao)效、無污染、使(shi)用方便(bian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能得到了(le)(le)更加廣(guang)泛(fan)的應用，推動了(le)(le)整個社會的快速發展(zhan)。然而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所、輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路和負荷中心中都集成(cheng)了(le)(le)大(da)量的高(gao)低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備及弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)智能化設備，為(wei)了(le)(le)做(zuo)好雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防護，會使(shi)用大(da)量的避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)。那么，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統所應用的避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)有哪(na)些呢(ni)？今天【鈞和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子?避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)】為(wei)您做(zuo)如(ru)下詳細介紹：

1.排氣式避(bi)雷器

排氣式(shi)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器又(you)稱(cheng)管型避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器。它由產氣管、內(nei)(nei)部(bu)間(jian)隙和(he)外部(bu)間(jian)隙三部(bu)分組成，并密(mi)封在(zai)(zai)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器管內(nei)(nei)，外部(bu)間(jian)隙的(de)作用是使產氣管在(zai)(zai)正常運行時隔離工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；內(nei)(nei)部(bu)間(jian)隙有(you)棒行電(dian)(dian)極和(he)環形電(dian)(dian)極構成；產氣管可以用纖維(wei)塑料(liao)或橡膠等在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)弧高壓(ya)下易于氣化的(de)有(you)機(ji)材料(liao)制成。

2.閥式(shi)避雷(lei)器

閥式(shi)避雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)內部由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花間(jian)隙(xi)和碳化硅非線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻片組成，具有較好的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)特性(xing)，因而廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)于(yu)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)上(shang)。閥式(shi)避雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)按(an)其用(yong)途(tu)可分為(wei)保護(hu)(hu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)、保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站設(she)備(bei)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站型(xing)、限(xian)制(zhi)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站侵襲(xi)的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和操作過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)型(xing)、保護(hu)(hu)直(zhi)接(jie)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機的(de)(de)(de)旋轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機型(xing)。按(an)其間(jian)隙(xi)結構(gou)可分為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)閥式(shi)避雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)、磁吹閥式(shi)避雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)限(xian)流磁吹閥式(shi)避雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)三(san)種。

3.特殊場所使用的避雷器

在一(yi)些(xie)環境極(ji)端的地點，需要(yao)用(yong)一(yi)些(xie)特殊場所使(shi)用(yong)的避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)。耐污(wu)穢型(xing)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)、高原(yuan)型(xing)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)和(he)六(liu)氟化硫避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)是三種在特殊場所使(shi)用(yong)的過電壓保護器(qi)。之前(qian)鈞和(he)電子(zi)的網(wang)站上進(jin)行(xing)過詳(xiang)細的介紹(shao)。

4.直流避雷(lei)器

為(wei)了保護交(jiao)直流(liu)變(bian)流(liu)站(zhan)的各(ge)種設備(bei)，必須設置直流(liu)避(bi)(bi)雷器。但直流(liu)輸電系統與交(jiao)流(liu)輸電系統不同，前者(zhe)電壓和電流(liu)沒(mei)有零點，為(wei)恒定值，電壓包(bao)括高次(ci)諧波，加之輸送距離長，故(gu)對避(bi)(bi)雷器要求比較苛刻(ke)。用(yong)(yong)直流(liu)線(xian)路避(bi)(bi)雷器限制(zhi)入侵(qin)(qin)過電壓，可以減(jian)少(shao)變(bian)流(liu)站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)直流(liu)避(bi)(bi)雷器在(zai)入侵(qin)(qin)過電壓下的動(dong)作頻率。

5.氧化鋅避雷器

氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)(xin)非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電阻(zu)有一系列閥片(pian)無法比擬的(de)優(you)異特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)(xin)應用于(yu)(yu)(yu)避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)后可取消(xiao)串聯(lian)間隙，使避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)實(shi)現無間隙化(hua)，而(er)制成(cheng)更(geng)接近于(yu)(yu)(yu)理想(xiang)的(de)過電壓保(bao)護裝置。避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)取消(xiao)串聯(lian)間隙后其結構、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能、制造(zao)工藝及試驗等引起了(le)根本性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)變化(hua)。氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)的(de)優(you)良特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，主要取決于(yu)(yu)(yu)氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)(xin)作為非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電阻(zu)片(pian)的(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)材料配方(fang)和制造(zao)工藝的(de)改(gai)進(jin)，氧(yang)化(hua)鋅(xin)(xin)非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電阻(zu)片(pian)的(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能和可靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大為提(ti)高。