壓(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)阻(zu)是浪(lang)涌(yong)保護器(qi)中的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，是一(yi)種具有非線性伏安特性的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)件(jian)，壓(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)阻(zu)質量的(de)好壞(huai)，直接影響浪(lang)涌(yong)保護器(qi)的(de)限壓(ya)(ya)能(neng)力。

今天，【鈞和電(dian)子?浪(lang)(lang)涌保護(hu)器】為您詳細介紹一下浪(lang)(lang)涌保護(hu)器中的壓敏電(dian)阻特性：

壓敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是以(yi)氧(yang)化鋅(xin)為(wei)主要材料在(zai)(zai)(zai)1000℃以(yi)上的(de)高溫中燒結而成的(de)非線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)(pian)，其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路承(cheng)受過(guo)壓時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓鉗位，吸收(shou)多余的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流以(yi)保護敏(min)感器件，也(ye)稱為(wei)金(jin)屬氧(yang)化物壓敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。理想(xiang)的(de)非線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)呈現為(wei)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)保證在(zai)(zai)(zai)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過(guo)時(shi)，其(qi)上的(de)降壓足夠低，起(qi)到限壓的(de)作用。在(zai)(zai)(zai)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)去(qu)之后，當加在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)(pian)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是其(qi)正常(chang)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)(pian)應(ying)呈現足夠大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)保證系(xi)統能恢(hui)復正常(chang)工(gong)作。

表(biao)征(zheng)金屬氧(yang)化物壓敏電(dian)阻片特性的主要參數(shu)有：

1.參(can)考電流

通常把金屬氧化物(wu)壓敏電阻片(pian)伏安特性(xing)上拐點(dian)附近的某一電流值稱(cheng)為電阻片(pian)的參考(kao)電流，一般取1mA。

2.直流(liu)參考電壓

在參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)流下測得(de)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)的(de)直流參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)壓，也(ye)稱(cheng)為直流1mA電(dian)(dian)壓。當作用在電(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓超過其(qi)參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)壓時，流過電(dian)(dian)阻片(pian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流將迅速增大。

3.額定電壓

施加在電阻片上(shang)的最大允(yun)許工(gong)頻(pin)電壓(ya)有效(xiao)值。通常額定電壓(ya)的峰值就等于直(zhi)流(liu)參考(kao)電壓(ya)。

4.標稱(cheng)放電(dian)電(dian)流

用于(yu)劃分金屬(shu)氧化物壓敏電阻(zu)片(pian)組(zu)成(cheng)的浪涌保護器等級的，波(bo)型(xing)為8/20μs的放電電流峰值（以1kA為單位）。

5.殘壓

規定(ding)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)片(pian)(pian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)片(pian)(pian)兩(liang)端的(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。為便于比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)金屬(shu)氧化物壓(ya)(ya)(ya)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)片(pian)(pian)的(de)特(te)性(xing)，常(chang)把殘(can)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)直流1mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)比(bi)(bi)值(zhi)稱為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)片(pian)(pian)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)一般在3左右。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)越小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)片(pian)(pian)的(de)特(te)性(xing)越好。為比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)保護(hu)性(xing)能，也可把殘(can)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值(zhi)的(de)比(bi)(bi)值(zhi)稱為保護(hu)比(bi)(bi)，該值(zhi)越小，保護(hu)性(xing)能越好。

6.持續運行(xing)電壓(ya)

允許持久地施加在電阻片上的(de)工(gong)頻電壓有效(xiao)值。

7.荷電率

電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)片持續運行電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)峰(feng)值與直流參(can)考電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)比值。荷電(dian)(dian)率(lv)的(de)高(gao)(gao)低將直接影響到壓(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)老(lao)(lao)化過程。荷電(dian)(dian)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)時，壓(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)老(lao)(lao)化將加速，降低荷電(dian)(dian)率(lv)可以減緩壓(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)老(lao)(lao)化過程，增加其使用年限。

由(you)于壓(ya)敏電阻(zu)的通流能(neng)力大、動作響應快，且動作后無續流出現，常用(yong)于各級電源的初級、次級浪涌保護(hu)器及頻率不高(gao)的信號浪涌保護(hu)器中(zhong)。