電子(zi)信(xin)(xin)息系統是非(fei)常容易受到雷電流侵害的(de)，因此我們(men)需要在(zai)電子(zi)信(xin)(xin)息系統中根據(ju)設備的(de)性能參數選用適配的(de)信(xin)(xin)號浪涌保護(hu)器進行防護(hu)。那么，雷電是如(ru)何侵入電子(zi)信(xin)(xin)息系統的(de)呢(ni)？今天(tian)，鈞和電子(zi)針對(dui)該(gai)話題做如(ru)下分享：

按照《低壓電(dian)涌(yong)保護器第22 部分：電(dian)信(xin)和(he)信(xin)號網絡的電(dian)涌(yong)保護器（SPD）選擇(ze)和(he)應(ying)用導(dao)則(ze)》（GB/T 18802.22-2008）中7.2條，耦(ou)合機理：雷電(dian)電(dian)涌(yong)入(ru)侵電(dian)子(zi)(zi)信(xin)息(xi)設(she)備的主(zhu)要(yao)路徑主(zhu)要(yao)有雷擊(ji)建(jian)筑物、雷擊(ji)建(jian)筑物附(fu)近(jin)區(qu)域(yu)地面、雷擊(ji)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)信(xin)息(xi)線(xian)路、雷擊(ji)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)信(xin)息(xi)線(xian)路附(fu)近(jin)區(qu)域(yu)等四種情(qing)況(kuang)。

途徑一，雷直擊建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)外(wai)部接(jie)閃器

通過引(yin)(yin)下(xia)線將雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)引(yin)(yin)下(xia)，建(jian)(jian)筑物地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)升(sheng)高(gao)，雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分流(liu)后分別進(jin)入地下(xia)及建(jian)(jian)筑物內等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)連接體(ti)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子信息(xi)設(she)備(bei)及配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)升(sheng)高(gao)，設(she)備(bei)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)與設(she)備(bei)信號(hao)線路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線路(lu)之間(jian)會(hui)形成較(jiao)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差，造成對設(she)備(bei)接口的(de)損壞。另外，雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過引(yin)(yin)下(xia)線、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線路(lu)還會(hui)在信號(hao)線路(lu)中(zhong)感應出雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌，進(jin)而損壞設(she)備(bei)接口。建(jian)(jian)筑物信號(hao)線路(lu)產生(sheng)兩種(zhong)(zhong)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌 ：一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌的(de)特征(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形為（10/350）μs、最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)2kA。另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌的(de)特征(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形（1.2/50）μs、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形（8/20）μs、最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu) 10kA。

途徑二，雷直(zhi)擊建筑物外附近地面

雷電(dian)(dian)在室(shi)外線(xian)路(lu)產生(sheng)雷電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)涌(yong)，雷電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)涌(yong)沿著(zhu)信號(hao)線(xian)路(lu)進入建筑物(wu)，損(sun)壞設備(bei)接口；室(shi)外信號(hao)線(xian)路(lu)產生(sheng)雷電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)涌(yong)的特征是電(dian)(dian)壓波形（1.2/50）μs、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形（8/20）μs、最大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu) 0.2kA。

途徑三(san)，雷直擊(ji)室外線(xian)路(lu)

雷電流(liu)沿信(xin)號線路進(jin)入建筑物損壞設備(bei)接口(kou)。信(xin)號線路上(shang)雷電電涌的特征是電流(liu)波形為 （10/350）μs、最大電流(liu) 2kA。

途徑四，雷直擊(ji)室外電子(zi)信息線(xian)路附近地面(mian)

雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)在室外線(xian)(xian)路產(chan)生(sheng)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)涌，雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)涌沿著信號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)路進(jin)入建筑物，損壞設備接口(kou)；室外信號(hao)(hao)線(xian)(xian)路產(chan)生(sheng)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)涌的特(te)征是(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形(xing)（1.2/50）μs、電(dian)(dian)流波(bo)形(xing)（8/20）μs、最大(da)電(dian)(dian)流 0.16kA

電子信息系統不僅安裝(zhuang)在建筑物內，還有很大(da)一(yi)部分(fen)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)設備是安(an)裝在戶外裝置區內(nei)，電(dian)子信息系(xi)統的電(dian)源端(duan)(duan)口(kou)、信號端(duan)(duan)口(kou)都有可能遭到(dao)雷電(dian)電(dian)涌威脅。而大(da)多(duo)數是感應雷引(yin)起的損壞。因此需要做全面的防(fang)雷措(cuo)施。

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