在(zai)防(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)程中，沖擊接地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)與工(gong)(gong)頻接地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)存在(zai)較大差異，目前大部(bu)分接地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)數據都是工(gong)(gong)頻接地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)。今天(tian)，鈞和(he)電(dian)子分享沖擊接地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)值的構成。

一是，沖(chong)擊接地(di)電阻的概念(nian)

在(zai)(zai)一般情況下工頻(pin)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)經接(jie)(jie)(jie)地極流(liu)入(ru)大(da)地時(shi)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)地極和(he)無窮遠處的(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)面之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)V與I的(de)比值。接(jie)(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)構成(cheng)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)分為(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地引線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)地引線(xian)和(he)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地裝置(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)地體(ti)自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地體(ti)，土壤(rang)散流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)土壤(rang)之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)。沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)指的(de)是當前沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)值與沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)值之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)比值，因為(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地體(ti)自身存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)效果(guo)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)值與沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)值不會在(zai)(zai)同一時(shi)間(jian)出現，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)將沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)作為(wei)人為(wei)概念(nian)，在(zai)(zai)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過接(jie)(jie)(jie)地裝置(zhi)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)才會將其(qi)體(ti)現出來(lai)。

二(er)是，接(jie)地電阻構(gou)成(cheng)

接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)絕大(da)多數(shu)情況下(xia)是(shi)由(you)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)構成。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)會(hui)因為(wei)(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)自(zi)身(shen)存在較大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)，這時大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)低(di)于(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)。在實施(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)計算(suan)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，相(xiang)關(guan)人員可以(yi)將接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)表面作為(wei)(wei)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，而降低(di)對接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)壓降的(de)(de)重視(shi)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)和大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)存在的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)屬于(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)實際大(da)小與(yu)(yu)(yu)建筑施(shi)工過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)施(shi)工方法有(you)(you)著(zhu)緊(jin)密(mi)聯(lian)系(xi)，特別是(shi)和回填土(tu)的(de)(de)回填緊(jin)實程(cheng)度有(you)(you)關(guan)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)會(hui)因為(wei)(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)自(zi)身(shen)內部存在電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，因此這時會(hui)因為(wei)(wei)其(qi)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值較小，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)一般(ban)情況下(xia)可以(yi)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)忽視(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)自(zi)身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)自(zi)身(shen)尺(chi)寸有(you)(you)著(zhu)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)聯(lian)系(xi)，因為(wei)(wei)其(qi)二者都是(shi)由(you)金(jin)屬導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材質制作，因此這時會(hui)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)率(lv)降低(di)。只有(you)(you)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)線之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸符合(he)標準的(de)(de)時候(hou)，會(hui)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)二者接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不斷縮小，無法起到(dao)其(qi)應有(you)(you)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，所以(yi)對于(yu)流散電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)來說，其(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)著(zhu)決定性作用(yong)。

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