農村(cun)防雷工程也很重要。湖南省西(xi)部(bu)有個(ge)小村(cun)莊叫山背村(cun)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)風景優美(mei)的村(cun)莊卻被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“雷擊(ji)村(cun)”。從1979年以來的三十(shi)多年時間，曾經(jing)有100多人(ren)遭受(shou)(shou)雷擊(ji)，平(ping)均(jun)每年有三十(shi)多起，有10多人(ren)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雷電(dian)失去(qu)了生命。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一個(ge)普(pu)普(pu)通通的村(cun)莊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么會頻繁遭受(shou)(shou)雷擊(ji)呢？今天，鈞和電(dian)子為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)您作(zuo)如下分享(xiang)：

原因(yin)一，村(cun)民不規范的用電習慣(guan)

經調查對比發(fa)現(xian)，多數(shu)人(ren)遭(zao)雷(lei)擊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)居民室內的(de)(de)導線(xian)有關。很(hen)多人(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)燈泡(pao)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)附近，被(bei)(bei)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊中(zhong)(zhong)。雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一種放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象，雷(lei)雨云在(zai)形成(cheng)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，一部分積聚(ju)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，另一部分積聚(ju)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)積聚(ju)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一定(ding)程度時(shi)，就產生放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象。雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間很(hen)短(duan)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流異常強大，能達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)數(shu)萬到(dao)(dao)(dao)數(shu)十萬安培(pei)。一次雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)功率能達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)200億千瓦。強大的(de)(de)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流極易沿著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)線(xian)路產生火花放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，引發(fa)燃燒、爆炸。如果此時(shi)人(ren)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)靠(kao)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，就很(hen)容易被(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流擊中(zhong)(zhong)。不規(gui)范的(de)(de)民用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造成(cheng)山背村(cun)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傷人(ren)的(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因之一。

雷(lei)雨(yu)天(tian)氣，切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源后，也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)等(deng)附近的(de)(de)安全，因(yin)為雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感應(ying)現(xian)象會產生的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場，能(neng)在地面金(jin)(jin)屬線(xian)(xian)路(lu)網(wang)絡(luo)中(zhong)產生感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，高強(qiang)(qiang)度的(de)(de)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷會在金(jin)(jin)屬網(wang)絡(luo)中(zhong)形成(cheng)強(qiang)(qiang)大的(de)(de)瞬間高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。一(yi)旦人靠近電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)附件，就(jiu)很容易被雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊中(zhong)，引發慘劇。

原因二(er)，大面積梯田形成強對(dui)流雷雨天(tian)氣

山坡上(shang)分布著面(mian)積廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)。村(cun)(cun)(cun)民們居住在梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)山坡上(shang)。山背村(cun)(cun)(cun)花(hua)瑤梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)縱橫(heng)7.5千米，占地(di)(di)56平方(fang)(fang)千米，共1300多級(ji)。放眼望去，山背梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)隨山勢(shi)起伏，層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊疊，蜿(wan)蜒曲(qu)折，十分壯觀。山背村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)最早(zao)開墾于北宋(song)年間，距(ju)今已有(you)一千多年的(de)(de)歷史。梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)里種滿(man)了水稻(dao)。為(wei)了種植(zhi)水稻(dao)，當地(di)(di)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民挖(wa)掘了很多條溝(gou)渠，把(ba)山泉水引入(ru)到梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)里。層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)下灌。梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)里充滿(man)水。夏(xia)天，在陽(yang)光的(de)(de)照射下，梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)中的(de)(de)水分受熱蒸發(fa)上(shang)升，冷空氣(qi)下沉(chen)，形(xing)成(cheng)了空氣(qi)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)對流(liu)運動(dong)。在水域上(shang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)成(cheng)了對流(liu)云(yun)，對流(liu)云(yun)中含有(you)大量的(de)(de)正負電荷(he)(he)。電荷(he)(he)相互摩擦形(xing)成(cheng)雷(lei)雨，從而形(xing)成(cheng)雷(lei)電。梯(ti)(ti)田(tian)較多的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)就容易形(xing)成(cheng)雷(lei)電天氣(qi)。

原因(yin)三，山背村(cun)的漏斗地形

山(shan)(shan)(shan)背(bei)村(cun)的(de)地理(li)位(wei)(wei)置極為(wei)特殊，四周(zhou)都是海(hai)拔(ba)400-1400米的(de)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，上下落(luo)差(cha)很大。山(shan)(shan)(shan)背(bei)村(cun)所處的(de)位(wei)(wei)置是中間低四周(zhou)高(gao)的(de)漏斗形，梯(ti)田(tian)中形成的(de)對流云很難移動，在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)背(bei)村(cun)的(de)上空盤(pan)旋(xuan)，因(yin)而雷(lei)雨天氣較多。

由此可(ke)見，山背村頻繁遭受雷擊是由于(yu)大面(mian)積梯田(tian)、漏斗(dou)地形及不(bu)規范的(de)用電行為三個(ge)綜合因素造成的(de)。

隨著(zhu)農村(cun)城鎮化、現代化的要(yao)求，家用電器(qi)也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)，居民建筑也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)高，廣大農村(cun)防(fang)雷工(gong)程和(he)防(fang)雷安全同樣重要(yao)。