在(zai)長時間運行(xing)和(he)多次電(dian)(dian)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)作用后，浪涌(yong)(yong)(yong)保護器(qi)(qi)中的壓敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻會出現性能下降、甚至失(shi)效(xiao)的情況。浪涌(yong)(yong)(yong)保護器(qi)(qi)的常(chang)見(jian)失(shi)效(xiao)形勢是老化失(shi)效(xiao)和(he)暫態過電(dian)(dian)壓失(shi)效(xiao)，相關內容(rong)分析由【鈞和(he)電(dian)(dian)子?浪涌保(bao)護器(qi)】分享如下：

老化失效：

壓敏電(dian)阻(zu)經過多次(ci)浪涌(yong)電(dian)壓沖擊會出現劣化現象,其閾值電壓會降低,低阻性則逐步加劇,進而導致持續漏電流的產生。隨著漏電流的惡性增加,并且集中注入壓敏電阻內部的薄弱部位,該部位的材料就會逐漸融化,最終形成1000歐左右的短路孔,一且有較大的電流灌入短路點，就(jiu)會導致壓敏電阻本體溫度逐漸升(sheng)高(gao),甚至產生火災危險。

暫態過電(dian)壓失效(xiao)：

暫(zan)態(tai)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)失效(xiao)是指較強的(de)(de)(de)暫(zan)態(tai)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)使浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)體穿孔(kong),致(zhi)使其失效(xiao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有(you)時(shi)會出現高(gao)于浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器最大(da)連續運行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)暫(zan)態(tai)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),這類過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)雖然幅值不高(gao),但(dan)持續時(shi)間(jian)較電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌(yong)(yong)(瞬態(tai)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))時(shi)間(jian)長(chang),可達幾秒甚至更長(chang),而目前的(de)(de)(de)MOV制造水平(ping)是不能承受的(de)(de)(de)。較強的(de)(de)(de)暫(zan)態(tai)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)能夠加快浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)劣化速度,一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)體穿孔(kong),就會導致(zhi)更大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)產生,最終使壓(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)因過熱而燒(shao)損(sun)。

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