目前電力(li)用避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)有(you)保(bao)護(hu)間隙(xi)、排氣(qi)式避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、閥式避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、特(te)殊場所用的(de)避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、直流避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氧化鋅避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。那么(me)電力(li)用避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經(jing)過了(le)怎樣的(de)發(fa)展過程？【鈞和電子?避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)】特(te)為您分享：

在遠(yuan)距離(li)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中，輸(shu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備受到各(ge)種(zhong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)威脅。輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)時(shi)，決定輸(shu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統絕緣水平的(de)(de)主要(yao)因(yin)素是雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，可采用單純的(de)(de)火(huo)花(hua)間隙避雷(lei)(lei)器加(jia)以(yi)保護。后來(lai)，人們(men)改(gai)用串聯碳化硅(gui)等非線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，發展了閥式避雷(lei)(lei)器，既能限(xian)制(zhi)遠(yuan)雷(lei)(lei)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，又能限(xian)制(zhi)近雷(lei)(lei)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

輸電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)向高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)特(te)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發展，雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)并不隨之按比例升高，而操作過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)則逐漸(jian)成為決(jue)定輸變電(dian)(dian)系統絕緣水平的主要因(yin)素(su)。因(yin)而，相應(ying)地發展了磁吹閥式避(bi)雷(lei)器、限流型磁吹閥式避(bi)雷(lei)器，達到具有(you)限制(zhi)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)操作過的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的水平。

20世紀70年(nian)代初，科學家專注于(yu)氧化(hua)(hua)鋅非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)阻(zu)元件在電(dian)力(li)避雷器(qi)(qi)上應(ying)用的(de)研究。由于(yu)氧化(hua)(hua)鋅非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)阻(zu)具有優異的(de)非線(xian)性(xing)(xing)特(te)性(xing)(xing)、極好的(de)通流能力(li)及(ji)其他優點，近幾年(nian)，氧化(hua)(hua)鋅避雷器(qi)(qi)得到迅速(su)發(fa)展，現(xian)已(yi)制成(cheng)3.3～500kV整個(ge)系列(lie)的(de)產品，并正(zheng)向(xiang)更高(gao)電(dian)壓等(deng)級發(fa)展。氧化(hua)(hua)鋅避雷器(qi)(qi)的(de)發(fa)展已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)避雷器(qi)(qi)的(de)主要方(fang)向(xiang)。電(dian)力(li)用避雷器(qi)(qi)發(fa)展過程中可概括為(wei)四個(ge)階段：

一(yi)是(shi)，火花間(jian)隙；

二是，碳化硅閥式鏈花窗；

三是，碳化硅限流(liu)型避雷器；

四是，氧化鋅(xin)避雷器。