在低壓供電(dian)系(xi)統、測(ce)量和控制系(xi)統、計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡中，有(you)許多因(yin)素可引起(qi)浪涌過電(dian)壓。

【鈞和電(dian)子?浪涌(yong)保(bao)護器】今天為(wei)您詳細分析浪涌(yong)過(guo)電(dian)壓的(de)成(cheng)因有(you)哪些？

一是(shi)，直擊(ji)雷

雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)直接(jie)對(dui)有外部防雷裝置的(de)(de)建構筑(zhu)物放電(dian)(dian)(dian)或者直接(jie)對(dui)建筑(zhu)物頂部的(de)(de)可以通(tong)過某種途徑傳輸雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)入(ru)地的(de)(de)裝置放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（例如(ru)室外天線(xian)、衛星(xing)接(jie)收(shou)裝置等），使(shi)得地電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)升高，一大(da)部分雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過保護接(jie)地進入(ru)到建筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)裝置和(he)連接(jie)的(de)(de)設備上，形成浪涌過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

二是，附近的雷擊

即使建(jian)筑物本(ben)身沒有(you)遭到雷擊(ji)，附近的(de)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閃擊(ji)也可能引(yin)起建(jian)筑物裝置上的(de)浪涌(yong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。這(zhe)個浪涌(yong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)直接或(huo)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感性或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容性耦(ou)合到達(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝置、設備的(de)線(xian)路上。部分雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可能通(tong)過(guo)(guo)大(da)地傳送到接地的(de)裝置從而(er)引(yin)起極大(da)的(de)危害，或(huo)者通(tong)過(guo)(guo)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道輻射出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場，在設備的(de)線(xian)路上感應出(chu)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，建(jian)筑物內的(de)長導線(xian)回路特別(bie)容易感應出(chu)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。容性耦(ou)合是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)具有(you)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差的(de)兩點之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場產生的(de)，例如在雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道和金(jin)屬導線(xian)之間。

三(san)是，遠處的雷擊

幾(ji)百(bai)米之(zhi)外的雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閃(shan)擊也(ye)可能(neng)在低壓導(dao)線、數據上感(gan)應(ying)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，也(ye)可能(neng)將高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓傳導(dao)到(dao)(dao)建筑物的接地裝置上，從而對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備造(zao)成(cheng)極大的危(wei)害，甚(shen)至云(yun)層之(zhi)間(jian)或云(yun)層內部的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)場也(ye)能(neng)耦(ou)合浪涌過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)(dao)導(dao)線中。

四是，開關浪涌

開關浪涌(yong)來(lai)自(zi)電路的(de)閉(bi)合、斷開的(de)轉換操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)，來(lai)自(zi)感性和容性負載的(de)開關操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)，也(ye)來(lai)自(zi)短路電流的(de)阻斷，特別是(shi)大型(xing)用電系統(tong)或變壓器的(de)斷開可能引起對(dui)鄰近的(de)電子設備的(de)損壞。

浪涌過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)對電(dian)子設備的(de)危害極(ji)大，需要采用全(quan)面(mian)的(de)浪涌保(bao)護器進行綜合防護。浪涌保(bao)護器的(de)選(xuan)型適配可(ke)參考鈞和(he)電(dian)子網站(zhan)產品展示頁。