浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)保護(hu)(hu)器是常用的(de)(de)限(xian)制雷電(dian)(dian)進行波過電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)裝置，常用在220V/380V電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)系統中。按照工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)的(de)(de)不同，浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)保護(hu)(hu)器可(ke)分為電(dian)(dian)壓開關型浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)保護(hu)(hu)器和電(dian)(dian)壓限(xian)制型浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)保護(hu)(hu)器兩種。鈞和電(dian)(dian)子為您分享這兩類浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)保護(hu)(hu)器的(de)(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)如(ru)下(xia)：

一、電(dian)壓開關型浪(lang)涌保護器(qi)

電壓開(kai)關型浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)在無(wu)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)時呈現(xian)高阻抗，當(dang)出現(xian)電壓浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)突變為低(di)阻抗。這類保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)可以(yi)將過電壓降低(di)到(dao)接近零值，但必須具有較大(da)的通流(liu)能力。用作這類浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)的常見器(qi)件有效放電間(jian)隙，氣體(ti)放電管，晶閘管和三端雙向可控硅元件等。

二、電壓限制(zhi)型浪涌保護器

電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)限(xian)制型浪(lang)涌(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)在無浪(lang)涌(yong)時(shi)(shi)呈現高阻(zu)抗，但隨浪(lang)涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)增加(jia)其阻(zu)抗會(hui)不斷(duan)減小。這類(lei)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)在通過浪(lang)涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)呈現一定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，稱為殘壓(ya)或鉗位電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。用作這類(lei)浪(lang)涌(yong)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)常見(jian)器(qi)(qi)件有金(jin)屬氧化物(wu)壓(ya)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和瞬變電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)抑制二極管等。

三、應(ying)用場(chang)景

1.浪涌保(bao)護器(qi)通(tong)常與被保(bao)護設備并聯，其作(zuo)用是釋放過(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)能量，將過(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)限制到被保(bao)護設施能承受的水平。

2.不(bu)同的(de)(de)使用(yong)條(tiao)件對浪涌保(bao)護(hu)器所用(yong)的(de)(de)器件有不(bu)同的(de)(de)要(yao)求。作為粗保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)，裝在靠近外線路入口處的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)器件要(yao)求有大的(de)(de)通(tong)流能力，但允許有較高的(de)(de)殘壓。作為細保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)，用(yong)于內電路固(gu)體元件保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)器件則要(yao)求有較低(di)的(de)(de)限(xian)幅電壓，而(er)其通(tong)流能力可較低(di)。

3.“浪涌”是指突然出現的過電(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)與之(zhi)伴(ban)隨的大電(dian)流。浪涌保(bao)護器也可以(yi)(yi)起到限(xian)(xian)制由(you)電(dian)磁感應和操(cao)作所(suo)引起的暫態過電(dian)壓(ya)的作用(yong)(yong)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)也可稱(cheng)為過電(dian)壓(ya)限(xian)(xian)制器。在高壓(ya)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)使用(yong)(yong)的過電(dian)壓(ya)限(xian)(xian)制器稱(cheng)為避雷器。