隨著經濟的發展，高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)及超高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多，相(xiang)對其(qi)(qi)他建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)來(lai)說高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)更容易(yi)遭受雷(lei)電的干擾和侵襲，其(qi)(qi)對雷(lei)電防護的要(yao)求也更高(gao)。今天，鈞和電子分享高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)防雷(lei)工程中(zhong)涉及的幾項技(ji)術，主要(yao)有(you)：

一是，接閃技術

接(jie)(jie)(jie)閃(shan)防雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)高(gao)層建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣施工中較為常見(jian)，其基(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)理是通過(guo)技(ji)術(shu)手段，將雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)因素(su)變為可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong) , 做到整個雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)流的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)性(xing)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)閃(shan)防雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)過(guo)程中，雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)被(bei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)引時，其傳輸(shu)路徑(jing)已經被(bei)設(she)計好，雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是不(bu)能自主選擇傳播路徑(jing)，這種背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)就(jiu)大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低了雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞性(xing)，按照規劃的(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)進行雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地，又實現了雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)過(guo)程中通道的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)性(xing)，避免(mian)雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳輸(shu)過(guo)程中對電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)造成的(de)(de)(de)二次傷害，具有非常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)防雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)理論和應用(yong)意義。

二(er)是，分流防(fang)雷技術

分流(liu)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)是當期(qi)(qi)高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣施工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的重點工(gong)作。高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備具(ju)有(you)(you)高度復雜性(xing)，雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的不可(ke)控導致雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)接(jie)閃(shan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必然會有(you)(you)一部(bu)分雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通過接(jie)觸建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和外部(bu)金屬進(jin)行內部(bu)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果沒(mei)有(you)(you)良好的分流(liu)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)，則對于(yu)復雜的高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備而言會是一個災難性(xing)打擊(ji)。高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)內部(bu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備在(zai)(zai)導線上安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備，一旦發生(sheng)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通過導線進(jin)入(ru)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)(she)備當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其相應的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備會迅速發生(sheng)反應，增強電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)阻(zu)止(zhi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的破化(hua)性(xing)，降低雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓力，同時利用(yong)報警設(she)(she)(she)(she)備進(jin)行雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊(ji)報警。分流(liu)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)是當期(qi)(qi)高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的重中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之重，是阻(zu)止(zhi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)(she)備破壞(huai)的關鍵。

三是，均壓防雷技術

均(jun)壓防雷技(ji)術主(zhu)要是(shi)避(bi)(bi)免跨(kua)步(bu)(bu)電壓和高(gao)位電壓差。高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)采用鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)結構，這種結構具有非常(chang)良好的導電性(xing)，通過研究如何(he)將(jiang)分流裝(zhuang)置、接(jie)閃裝(zhuang)置與高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)進行(xing)連接(jie)，行(xing)程(cheng)均(jun)壓，就可以(yi)很好的避(bi)(bi)免由(you)于雷擊造成(cheng)的建筑(zhu)(zhu)內(nei)部跨(kua)步(bu)(bu)電壓和高(gao)位電壓差，有效避(bi)(bi)免了雷擊對建筑(zhu)(zhu)內(nei)部人員傷(shang)害和電氣化傷(shang)

害。均壓防雷(lei)技術的原理就是通過連(lian)接金屬和防電(dian)(dian)裝備使其符(fu)合當前(qian)高層建筑電(dian)(dian)氣施工的防電(dian)(dian)需求，并在具體實(shi)踐(jian)中取得(de)了非常好的防雷(lei)效(xiao)果。

四是，屏(ping)蔽防雷技術

屏蔽(bi)(bi)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)主要是防(fang)止高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)雷(lei)(lei)電產生(sheng)的(de)電磁(ci)波(bo)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)內(nei)部關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)電氣設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)產生(sheng)破(po)壞。高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)電氣設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)較多，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)的(de)電氣設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安全(quan)性(xing)是重(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)之重(zhong)(zhong)。對(dui)高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)電氣關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)除了接閃(shan)、分(fen)流(liu)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)手段(duan)還需(xu)要在屏蔽(bi)(bi)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)上做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)文章。首先，屏蔽(bi)(bi)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)是指在高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設計(ji)之初，對(dui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)電氣化設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)節點要注重(zhong)(zhong)結構的(de)均壓(ya)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，就是需(xu)要對(dui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)電氣設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)區(qu)域采用鋼筋(jin)結構，努力(li)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)鋼筋(jin)結構的(de)均壓(ya)性(xing)，從而實(shi)現屏蔽(bi)(bi)效(xiao)果(guo)；其(qi)次根據電氣裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)構造和區(qu)域不(bu)同，設計(ji)更好(hao)的(de)分(fen)流(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)屏蔽(bi)(bi)效(xiao)果(guo)。總之，屏蔽(bi)(bi)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)是應(ying)用于高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)電氣裝(zhuang)置的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)節點，必(bi)須應(ying)用多種防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)手段(duan)，起到(dao)屏蔽(bi)(bi)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)效(xiao)果(guo)。

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