為(wei)了防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統內部和外部過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓對變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站造成的安(an)全事故，變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站中(zhong)通常會安(an)裝避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)、避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)針、接地網等(deng)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓保護裝置(zhi)。而作(zuo)為(wei)重要(yao)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)裝置(zhi)之一的避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)，在變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的防(fang)護中(zhong)是非常常見的。今天，鈞和電(dian)(dian)子為(wei)您分享(xiang)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站應用(yong)的避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)的類型。

一是，避雷器的作(zuo)用

避雷(lei)器是限制過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的一種保護裝置(zhi)，它能釋放雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)兼能釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統操作過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)能量，保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)免受瞬時過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的危害，又能截斷續流，防(fang)止系統接地短路(lu)。

在電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)(tong)中，避(bi)(bi)雷器并聯安(an)裝于系統(tong)(tong)中。當(dang)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)達到規定的動作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，避(bi)(bi)雷器立即(ji)動作(zuo)，流過電(dian)(dian)流，限制過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幅值(zhi)，保護(hu)設(she)備(bei)；電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)正(zheng)常后，避(bi)(bi)雷器迅速(su)恢復(fu)原狀態，保證系統(tong)(tong)正(zheng)常供電(dian)(dian)。

二是，電力系(xi)統中的(de)避(bi)雷器(qi)的(de)類型(xing)

1.管型避雷器

管型(xing)避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)是(shi)一種具有較高(gao)熄弧能力的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)間(jian)隙(xi)，當發生雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)擊(ji)時(shi)，內外間(jian)隙(xi)均被擊(ji)穿，雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)經間(jian)隙(xi)流(liu)入大地。其結構比較復雜，常用(yong)于(yu)10kV配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路上，作為變壓器(qi)、開(kai)關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜頭等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)(de)防雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)保(bao)護(hu)。適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)工頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網容量(liang)小、線路長(chang)、短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不大而(er)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)活動很強且頻繁的(de)(de)農村或山區。

2.閥型避雷(lei)器(qi)

閥型避雷器應用在電(dian)力系統(tong)中(zhong)，當系統(tong)中(zhong)出(chu)現過電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)且峰值超過間隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，間隙(xi)(xi)被擊穿(chuan)，沖擊電(dian)流(liu)通過閥片(pian)流(liu)入大地(di)。由于(yu)閥片(pian)的(de)非線性(xing)特征，故在閥片(pian)上產生的(de)壓(ya)(ya)降（殘壓(ya)(ya)）將得到限制，使其(qi)低(di)于(yu)被保(bao)護(hu)設備的(de)沖擊耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)，從而設備得到保(bao)護(hu)。

閥型避雷(lei)器的(de)(de)結構(gou)復雜，常用于3-550kV電(dian)(dian)氣線路(lu)、變配電(dian)(dian)設(she)備、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、開關(guan)等(deng)的(de)(de)防(fang)雷(lei)。適用于交直流電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，不(bu)受(shou)容量、線路(lu)長短、短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)限制，工業(ye)系統中的(de)(de)變配電(dian)(dian)所設(she)備及(ji)線路(lu)均(jun)可使用。

3.氧化(hua)鋅(xin)避雷器

氧化鋅(xin)避雷器在電(dian)力(li)系統用(yong)應用(yong)較為廣泛。它主(zhu)要由(you)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)元件、絕緣底座(zuo)、接線(xian)(xian)蓋板和(he)均壓(ya)環等組成。主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)元件由(you)非線(xian)(xian)性金屬氧化物(wu)電(dian)阻(zu)片疊加組裝(zhuang)，密封于高(gao)壓(ya)絕緣此套(tao)內，無任何放電(dian)間隙。

氧(yang)化鋅(xin)避雷(lei)器無放電(dian)(dian)延(yan)時，因外部雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)動作后，無工頻續(xu)流(liu)，可經(jing)受多重雷(lei)擊，殘壓(ya)低，通(tong)流(liu)量(liang)大(da)，體積(ji)小，重量(liang)輕，運行維護簡單，常用于0.25-550kV電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系(xi)統及(ji)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備的防雷(lei)及(ji)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護。

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