眾所周知，防(fang)(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)程（包括浪涌保(bao)護器、接地(di)裝置、等電(dian)位等設計(ji)、安(an)(an)裝）是(shi)房屋(wu)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程中建(jian)筑電(dian)氣的重要分(fen)部(bu)工(gong)(gong)程，對消除和減少雷擊事故、保(bao)護人(ren)們(men)生命和財(cai)產安(an)(an)全起著十分(fen)重要的作用(yong)。自從2016年防(fang)(fang)雷行業市場改革以(yi)來(lai)，防(fang)(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量在某種程度(du)上存(cun)在監管真空。今(jin)天，我們(men)引用(yong)了部(bu)分(fen)網絡(luo)觀(guan)點就防(fang)(fang)雷工(gong)(gong)程監管進行淺顯(xian)的分(fen)析。

多年來，防雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)管(guan)實行的(de)(de)是以氣象主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)理(li)體制(zhi)，氣象主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)機構(gou)站在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)的(de)(de)角度，以防雷檢(jian)測(ce)和審核驗收(shou)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要手段，對防雷工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體進行監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。這是一種家長式的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)模式，效(xiao)率較高。但是，這種監(jian)(jian)管(guan)方(fang)式與(yu)我國的(de)(de)“企業保證(zheng)、社會監(jian)(jian)管(guan)、政府監(jian)(jian)督、用戶(hu)評價”的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)念不符，只強化了(le)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理(li)，弱化了(le)建設單位的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體責(ze)任(ren)，在(zai)一定程度上造(zao)成了(le)責(ze)任(ren)權力的(de)(de)混亂和交(jiao)叉(cha)，不利于行業發展和保障工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)。

2016年(nian)4月(yue)，國家氣象局頒布(bu)了《雷(lei)電防護(hu)裝(zhuang)置檢(jian)測(ce)資質管(guan)理(li)辦法》，強調(diao)了對防雷(lei)裝(zhuang)置檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)，但卻(que)沒有改(gai)變以往檢(jian)測(ce)機構全(quan)面(mian)監(jian)督的(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法，造(zao)成(cheng)檢(jian)查和(he)檢(jian)測(ce)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)部分，把本應(ying)由建設監(jian)理(li)單(dan)位承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查驗收內(nei)(nei)容(rong)和(he)本應(ying)由設計單(dan)位承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)防雷(lei)分類、防雷(lei)區劃分、接閃器保(bao)護(hu)范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)確定、浪(lang)涌保(bao)護(hu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)置安(an)裝(zhuang)等內(nei)(nei)容(rong)都作為了檢(jian)測(ce)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，客觀上(shang)造(zao)成(cheng)了責任主體質量責任的(de)(de)(de)(de)混亂，不利(li)于工程質量監(jian)管(guan)責任的(de)(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)。

2016年(nian)6月份(fen)頒布(bu)的(de)《國務院關(guan)于(yu)優化建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)許可的(de)決定》（國發(fa)[2016]39號文(wen)）中強調，將氣象部門承(cheng)擔的(de)房屋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和市政基礎設施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)裝置設計審核、竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收許可整合(he)納入(ru)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖審查、竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收備案，統一由住房城鄉建(jian)(jian)設部門監管(guan)。該(gai)決定發(fa)布(bu)實施(shi)(shi)已有近(jin)4年(nian)時間，各地建(jian)(jian)設行政主管(guan)部門雖對以上文(wen)件進行了轉(zhuan)發(fa)，也發(fa)文(wen)強調了應(ying)加強防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)管(guan)理，但尚(shang)未就如何承(cheng)接和理順防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)監管(guan)從防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)管(guan)理的(de)政策實施(shi)(shi)方面做出實質性的(de)舉動，造成(cheng)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)存在事實上的(de)質量監管(guan)真空。

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