鈞(jun)和電子了解到，2021年5月(yue)10日(ri)，中國氣(qi)象局批準(zhun)了23項(xiang)氣(qi)象行業標(biao)準(zhun)發(fa)布，包括《城市軌道交通(tong)防雷技術(shu)規(gui)范》（QX/T 615—2021）與《雷電防護裝置(zhi)檢測報告編碼規(gui)則》（QX/T 616—2021），將于2021年9月(yue)1日(ri)實(shi)施。新的(de)技術標準將為(wei)防雷(lei)器的(de)選(xuan)型(xing)適(shi)配、防雷(lei)工程的(de)設計與施工及防雷(lei)裝置的(de)檢(jian)測提供科學的(de)指導。這兩項標準的(de)介(jie)紹如下(xia)：

一(yi)是(shi)，《城市(shi)軌道交通防雷(lei)技(ji)術規范》

該標準規(gui)定了城市軌道交通的(de)直擊(ji)雷防護(hu)、雷擊(ji)電磁脈沖防護(hu)、防雷裝置(zhi)的(de)檢測與維護(hu)等要求，適用于(yu)新建(jian)、改(gai)建(jian)、擴(kuo)建(jian)城市軌道交通的(de)防雷設計、施工(gong)和檢測。

隨著我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市化的(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)展，城(cheng)(cheng)市軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)已(yi)經成為城(cheng)(cheng)市建設(she)和居民出行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)主要手(shou)段。現(xian)代軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)電子信息系統設(she)備越來越多(duo)，但由于(yu)軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)建筑主體(ti)常(chang)常(chang)位于(yu)地(di)下，長(chang)期(qi)以來，人們對軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)防雷設(she)計遠不像(xiang)地(di)面(mian)建筑那樣(yang)給予應有的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視，并非(fei)所有軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)建筑均采取了防雷措(cuo)施。軌(gui)道交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)項目投資巨大、人員(yuan)密集的(de)(de)(de)公眾場所，通(tong)(tong)信、信號、FAS、BAS、AFC、SCADA等(deng)(deng)電子信(xin)(xin)(xin)息類設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)眾多且(qie)構成(cheng)(cheng)復雜(za)，這些系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是維(wei)系(xi)(xi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)營的(de)中樞神經，一(yi)旦(dan)遭受雷(lei)擊(ji)或雷(lei)電波侵入，將危及軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)運(yun)輸秩序，甚(shen)至造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)重大(da)(da)的(de)人員(yuan)傷(shang)亡和(he)巨大(da)(da)的(de)經濟(ji)損失。雷(lei)擊(ji)如引起火(huo)災，后(hou)果不(bu)(bu)堪設(she)(she)(she)想。在(zai)城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中，雷(lei)擊(ji)事故無(wu)論發生在(zai)車站建筑物、配電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)號系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)哪一(yi)部分(fen)，均會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)人員(yuan)傷(shang)亡和(he)國家財產的(de)重大(da)(da)損失，一(yi)旦(dan)發生雷(lei)擊(ji)事故，損失、危害及影(ying)響非常(chang)之大(da)(da)，而且(qie)城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)穿流(liu)在(zai)城市(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)域，下墊面(mian)狀態不(bu)(bu)一(yi)，地(di)(di)下地(di)(di)上(shang)各異，配電、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)等(deng)(deng)附屬(shu)設(she)(she)(she)施較多且(qie)分(fen)散，線路較長，既(ji)有局部獨立進行防雷(lei)，也有綜(zong)合統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)防雷(lei)。制定(ding)城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防雷(lei)技術規(gui)范(fan)，有利于規(gui)范(fan)城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防雷(lei)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計、施工(gong)、檢測與維(wei)護等(deng)(deng)，以(yi)便正(zheng)確、安全、科學的(de)開展城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防雷(lei)裝(zhuang)置檢測技術工(gong)作，可(ke)以(yi)減少(shao)由可(ke)能雷(lei)擊(ji)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)災害事故和(he)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響，為(wei)城市(shi)(shi)軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)建設(she)(she)(she)帶來良(liang)好的(de)經濟(ji)效益和(he)社會效益，同(tong)時彌補國內在(zai)這一(yi)領域相關技術規(gui)范(fan)的(de)空白。

二是(shi)，《雷電防(fang)護裝置檢測(ce)報(bao)告編碼規則》

該標準規定了雷(lei)電(dian)防(fang)護裝置(zhi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼的(de)基(ji)本要求和規則(ze)，適用于(yu)防(fang)雷(lei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼的(de)制定，有(you)利于(yu)加(jia)強防(fang)雷(lei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)工作(zuo)的(de)規范管理。同一家防(fang)雷(lei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)機構的(de)不(bu)同防(fang)雷(lei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)應(ying)具備不(bu)同的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼，用于(yu)互(hu)相區分，且檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼具有(you)唯一性。檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)的(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)碼應(ying)出現在所有(you)與(yu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)內容相關的(de)頁(ye)面商，包括但(dan)不(bu)限于(yu)封面和內頁(ye)等。

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